Review on classification of resonant converters for electric vehicle application

The conventional hard-switching converters suffer from the limitations like upper limit on switching frequency, high electromagnetic interference (EMI), more losses, large size, increased weight and low efficiency. To overcome these limitations, resonant are popularly used in chargers of electric vehicles (EVs). However, detailed classification EVs is not sufficiently discussed literature. guideline to select a converter based topology required charge an EV basis its rating mentioned. fill this gap, paper presents state-of-art literature survey various topologies EVs. This focuses second stage chargers. Further, it provides designers choose first charger wattage, unidirectional bidirectional power flow. Depending number reactive elements present given topology, classified as two-element, three-element, multi-element converters. upon connection inductive (L) capacitive (C) with respect transformer winding, further categorized series, parallel (two-elements), inductor–inductor–capacitor (LLC) (three-element) capacitor–inductor–inductor–capacitor (CLLC) (Multi-elements). LLC type offer efficiency, zero-voltage (ZVS turn-on, turn-off) voltage stress switches density. Therefore, mainly topology. In addition, modulation schemes control for LLC, CLLC along active vehicle-2-grid (V2G) mode operation.